Trong việc phát triển ngôn ngữ cho trẻ, các phương pháp trực quan, phương pháp thực hành cũng được vận dụng phù hợp với tinh chất của môn học.
1. Phương Pháp Trực Quan
Phương pháp này bảo đảm mối liên hệ giữa hệ thống tín hiệu thứ nhất và hệ thống tín hiệu thứ hai. Phương pháp trực quan này mở ra trước mắt trẻ thế giới xung quanh và hình thành ngôn ngữ cho trẻ trong sự liên hệ chặt chẽ với việc phát triển nhận thức và tư duy.
Các trường mầm non thường sử dụng các biện pháp trực quan dưới đây để phát triển lời nói cho trẻ.
Quan sát: là dạy trẻ dùng những cảm quan của mình để tích lũy dần những kinh nghiệm, các hình ảnh, các tượng trưng và kỹ xảo ngôn ngữ. Để cho trẻ quan sát, cô có thể sử dụng vật thật để cho trẻ được tiếp xúc với từng vật cụ thể (trẻ được nhìn, được xem, được sở nắn…. vật ngay trước mặt trẻ). Xem xét vật thật giúp trẻ nhận biết, tri giác vật 1 cách khái quát và cụ thể từng chi tiết. Ví dụ xem xét quả cam, quả cà chua, cái bát, cải thìa… Trong khi xem xét, cô giáo kết hợp chỉ vào vật hoặc từng chi tiết, đặc điểm của vật với từ được gọi. Trong giả dụ không có vật thật, cô giáo cho trẻ xem đồ chơi, tranh ảnh. Đồ chơi tranh ảnh – đó là hình ảnh của vật thật, trong đó đồ chơi tác động tới đứa trẻ thường xuyên hơn vật thật.
Những bài tập về quan sát phải tiến hành thế nào để từ ngữ luôn luôn theo sát và củng cố điều đã thu lượm được. Khi quan sát, ko phải chỉ hướng sự quan tâm của trẻ vào những sự vật và hiện tượng riêng lẻ, mà nên bắt buộc làm cho cho trẻ thấy được mối quan hệ giữa chúng. Ví dụ: Quan sát trời nắng, trời mưa… Điều đó giúp cho trẻ suy nghĩ mạch lạc và biểu hiện những ấn tượng của mình bằng lời nói trôi chảy. Việc vận dụng phương pháp quan sát để làm giàu vốn từ ngữ của trẻ cần phải có hệ thống có kế hoạch. Trẻ lớn hơn quan sát các hiện tượng phức tạp hơn yêu cầu trẻ phải dùng từ chính xác hơn, hướng dẫn trẻ kể lại bằng lời là gọn gàng, mạch lạc. Trong quá trình quan sát, khi cung cấp từ ngữ mới cũng cần cố gắng tránh tách rời với những sự vật hiện tượng cụ thể, có gắng bảo đảm mối quan hệ chặt chẽ giữa chúng với nhau.
Tham quan: là con đường đưa các con tới gần vật thể, hiện tượng. Tùy theo từng lửa tuổi, tham quan đi từ những vật thể liên quan đến sinh hoạt cá nhân hàng ngày đến thế giới rộng hơn. Buổi tham quan tổ chức cho trẻ phải đảm bảo những yêu cầu. Nội dung tham quan nên đáp ứng được thị hiếu của trẻ; cô buộc phải nắm vững số lượng trẻ trong buổi tham quan, doanh nghiệp tham quan nên khéo không để những hiện tượng bên lề làm lạc hướng chú ý của trẻ đến cái chính, cái trọng tâm; buổi tham quan không mang tính chất của một bài học; cô giáo phải chuẩn bị kỹ và có kế hoạch cụ thể; sau buổi tham quan cần tổ chức ngay việc củng cố các nhận thức và ấn tượng thu lượm được (như trò chuyện, vẽ theo trí nhớ) vv…
Xem phim, băng hình, đĩa VCD: là cách thức sử dụng máy móc thiết bị vào quá trình dạy học trong điều kiện cho phép, tạo điều kiện cho trẻ với thể quan sát, tham quan cảnh vật mà trẻ ko thể đi tới nơi xem được, hoặc xem lại cảnh quay trong quá khứ. Ví dụ: xem phim về cảnh các con vật sống dưới biển, hoặc xem phim về đời sống của các con vật trong rừng….
2. Phương Pháp Thực Hành
Phương pháp thực hành Phương pháp này đòi hỏi giáo phải chú trọng việc cho trẻ tích cực tham gia vào sử dụng lời nói. Sẽ có những bài tập chuyên để luyện cho trẻ một kỹ năng nào đó như các bài đồng dao luyện cho trẻ phát âm các âm khó r, s, tr… có các bài tập luyện từ, mẫu câu; có những bài luyện tập cho trẻ kể chuyện, đọc thơ… Cần phải làm cho mỗi đứa trẻ trở thành một chủ thể nói năng hăng hái trong từng hoạt động. Ở đây cần chú ý tránh trường hợp cô chỉ gọi các cháu tích cực để giờ học trôi chảy, cô đỡ mất thì giờ. Và những đứa trẻ nhút nhát, rụt rè rất ít khi được cô để ý tới. Kết quả là chỉ có một số trẻ được thực hành nói nặng trong các giờ học nói.
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